This research addressed skin deep but complex. The innate (nonspecific) immune system is responsible for detecting pathogens and inducing effector molecules to coordinate sub- sequent immune responses and combat infec- tion. Genes encoding the receptors of innate immunity are hard-wired in the host genome, and honed to near perfection by the selec- tive pressures of evolution to respond only to. These findings have important implications for understanding immunology in MS and improving patient outcomes. The results may inform clinical practice and guide development of more effective MS treatments.